The Supremes got off to a slow start in the early 1960s, but their name soon became a self-fulfilling prophecy. Synonymous with virtually every term with which they're classified -- Motown act, girl group, pop-soul, and soul, absolutely soul -- their unparalleled legacy was built by Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, and Diana Ross, the most successful of the group's many lineups. Partnered with the songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland, these three women topped the Billboard pop chart ten times from 1964 through 1967 with eternal classics such as "Where Did Our Love Go," "Baby Love," "Stop! In the Name of Love," and "You Keep Me Hanging On," and in the process set a new standard for glamour. The group eventually became known as Diana Ross & the Supremes, hinting at Ross' departure for a fruitful solo career. It was during this 1967-1968 phase that the group showed they were as suited for psychedelic production techniques and providing a voice for the otherwise unheard, exemplified respectively by "Reflections" and "Love Child," as they were for boisterous love songs and cooing ballads. It was the Ballard, Wilson, and Ross lineup of the Supremes that was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, yet the group -- with Wilson the linchpin -- lasted well into the disco era and achieved their final Top 40 hit in 1976, the year before they ceased.

Detroit teenagers Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, Diana Ross, and Betty McGlown performed and recorded together first as the Primettes, the sister group of Temptations precursors the Primes. All teenagers from the city's Brewster-Douglass housing project, the Primettes formed in 1959, and the next year released their lone single under that name on the local Lupine label. McGlown left following her engagement and was replaced by Barbara Martin. The Primettes had auditioned without success for Motown founder Berry Gordy, but that didn't prevent them from frequenting the label's West Grand Boulevard headquarters, where they ingratiated themselves by adding background vocals and handclaps for studio sessions. In January 1961, they achieved their goal of signing with Motown. Instructed to rename themselves and handed a list of options, the Primettes became the Supremes. That year, the Supremes released their first two singles, "I Want a Guy" and "Buttered Popcorn," on Motown subsidiary Tamla. The group moved to Motown proper the next year with their third single, "Your Heart Belongs to Me." It was fitting that this was their first entry on the Billboard pop chart, given that it was written and produced by the man who introduced the Pipettes to Gordy, Smokey Robinson. "Let Me Go the Right Way," which also charted, as well as the full-length Meet the Supremes, were both out by the end of 1962. The cover of Meet the Supremes indicated that the group were a trio. Martin had departed that spring to start a family.

Ballard, Wilson, and Ross were subsequently paired with the songwriting/production team of Brian and Eddie Holland and Lamont Dozier, known as Holland-Dozier-Holland. They immediately hit the Top 40 together in 1963 with "When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes." An extraordinary hot streak followed across 1964 and 1965. The Supremes and Holland-Dozier-Holland strung together five consecutive number one pop hits: "Where Did Our Love Go," the Grammy-nominated "Baby Love," "Come See About Me," second Grammy-nominated recording "Stop! In the Name of Love," and "Back in My Arms Again." These and other hits were scattered across the Top Ten albums Where Did Our Love Go and More Hits by the Supremes. Between the two LPs, a sequence of themed studio albums -- namely A Bit of Liverpool, The Supremes Sing Country Western & Pop, and We Remember Sam Cooke -- demonstrated the women's versatility beyond pop-soul.

Further success and change occurred in 1966 and 1967. The albums I Hear a Symphony, The Supremes A' Go-Go, and The Supremes Sing Holland-Dozier-Holland all peaked within the Top Ten, with the second of the trio a chart-topper. Seven A-sides issued during this period were similarly successful, and included four straight number ones with "You Can't Hurry Love," "You Keep Me Hanging On," "Love Is Here and Now You're Gone," and "The Happening," all collaborations with Holland-Dozier-Holland. During the latter year, Berry Gordy started priming Ross for a solo career by presenting the group as the Supremes with Diana Ross, and then as Diana Ross & the Supremes. Gordy also dealt with a period of instability by replacing Florence Ballard with Cindy Birdsong, previously of the Bluebelles.

As Diana Ross & the Supremes, a billing that lasted from late 1967 through mid-January 1970, the group remained very popular, notching another Top Ten album with Diana Ross & the Supremes Join the Temptations, and reaching the top with TCB, the soundtrack to the television special of the same name. Moreover, there were six additional Top Ten hits, including "Reflections" and the chart-toppers "Love Child" and "Someday We'll Be Together." The second of the three mentioned songs, a groundbreaking narrative, was the first big hit written and produced by the Clan, a team consisting of R. Dean Taylor, Frank Wilson, Pam Sawyer, Deke Richards, and Henry Cosby. The third one was Ross' studio farewell. When the Supremes performed with Ross for the last time, Jean Terrell -- a Gordy discovery -- was introduced as a new member. Without Ross, they rebounded instantly with the Top Ten hit "Up the Ladder to the Roof" and the Top 40 entry "Everybody's Got the Right to Love." Those two Frank Wilson-produced singles anchored Right On, the first of seven Supremes studio LPs featuring the lineup of Mary Wilson, Cindy Birdsong, and Terrell. Among the other six was a trilogy cut with the Four Tops.

Well into 1972, the Supremes unloaded an additional haul of Top 40 entries highlighted by "Stoned Love," the group's last single to peak in the Top Ten. Cindy Birdsong left after the sessions for the '72 LP Floy Joy, the cover of which displays the lineup with temporary replacement Lynda Laurence, who had sung backup for Stevie Wonder. Laurence spelled Birdsong until late 1973, also the year of Terrell's departure. Terrell's final LP was the anomalous The Supremes Produced and Arranged by Jimmy Webb, issued the previous year. Scherrie Payne, formerly of the Glass House (and the sister of Freda Payne), joined Wilson and Birdsong, and this trio lasted into 1976, releasing only one album as a unit, The Supremes. Susaye Greene joined for the '76 albums High Energy and Mary, Scherrie & Susaye, though the outgoing Birdsong was present for the recording of the former. The biggest single off these two final Supremes LPs was a reunion with Brian and Eddie Holland, "I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking," that touched the Top 40. Mary, Scherrie & Susaye featured a mesmerizing collaboration with the Hollands and Richard Davis, "Come Into My Life," among other songs with commercial potential, but the album received little in the way of promotion. At Drury Lane in London the following June, the Supremes performed what turned out to be their farewell concert.

By the end of the '70s, Scherrie Payne and Mary Wilson made their solo Motown debuts. Payne and Susaye Greene also recorded the 1979 album Partners as a Motown duo. Subsequent Supremes reunions have been either one-off occasions or partial. The 1983 television special Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever featured Diana Ross, Wilson, and Cindy Birdsong performing "Someday We'll Be Together." Starting in 1986, various lineups -- starting with Jean Terrell, Payne, and Lynda Laurence -- have performed as the Former Ladies of the Supremes (or FLOS). In 2000, Ross, Laurence, and Payne -- no combination of which had been in the same Supremes lineup -- teamed up for a lengthy U.S. tour that was cut short before the halfway point. Florence Ballard, who released a pair of solo singles on ABC in 1968, died from cardiac arrest in 1976. Betty McGlown died of diabetes in 2008. Barbara Martin died in 2020. Wilson, who had continued to record as a solo artist and hit the New York Times best-seller list with her first book, Dreamgirl: My Life as a Supreme, died from heart disease in 2021.